CLl-PAST-OBJ

sixteen tu The new REFLEXIVE PREFIX From inside the ZULU – An excellent TYPOLOGICAL Perspective Sonja E. Bosch In this article I will take a look at new origins of reflexive prefix when you look at the Zulu, expenses attention into the process of grammaticalization whereby lexemes become grammatical formatives. Due to the fact reflexivization in a few Bantu languages was compared, this article have been in the form of a good typological investigation. From inside the Lehmann s () talk of one’s phenomena which happen to be known as reflexive, it is fascinating to notice he assumes on four categories of reflexives, specifically 0) autophoric nouns that are ordinary nouns instance body, breathing, soul, direct one ple, when you look at the Sanscrit the latest noun dtman definition inhale, spirit, as well as in Basque, this new noun burua meaning direct, are widely used to express roughly the same as English worry about. Autophoric nouns put just like the reflexives are often accompanied by an excellent possessive pronoun, as in next analogy off Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani strength:acc place:part getting power when you look at the himself (ii) reflexive nouns which happen to be nouns saying this is notice and absolutely nothing otherwise, like the German selbst myself and https://www.datingranking.net/pl/connexion-recenzja you may Finnish itse since the illustrated from the pursuing the examples: 344

17 German (2) Ich komme selbst I’m coming me Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-quand? want-dos.sg-int violation-acc.pl notice-all-poss.2.sg Would you like the latest tickets for your self? In the languages such Finnish, Hungarian and you can Turkish reflexive nouns need possessive affixes, whilst in most other languages such as German or the Relationship dialects, this type of nouns aren’t normally combined with possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns having an important purpose of it comes down back again to the subject, such as the German sich during the: German (4) Sie waschen sich They are laundry themselves (iv) verbal reflexives that are verb affixes indicating the action for some reason has an effect on the subject, as with another instances: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-discover the guy spotted themselves Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di son clean-refl-at night son wash himself Lehmann () emphasizes your boundaries involving the categories is actually liquid and you can says these particular five kinds of reflexive issue are in reality for the a scale out of expanding grammaticalization.

This basically means, you can pick so it since the good continuum out of change that can become portrayed the following: 345

18 Lexical goods Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) brings advice in different dialects to train the alterations which have occurred or are still going on from a single category to the second. The entire process of alter is actually affirmed because of the Faltz () just who, with regard to his morphological distinction between a few head variety of reflexives, particularly NP-reflexives which could feature an affordable morpheme becoming head of reflexive noun statement, and spoken reflexives, including reflexive pronouns which can be cliticized onto the verb, remarks: Dialects get move from one to rod into other, in reality, including course is necessarily regarding the NP-reflexive rod on verbal reflexive pole. In the Zulu reflexiveness was know as a prefix and that physically precedes the newest verb stem. The newest reflexive prefix is actually invariable in shape, for example it is a morphological contour and therefore stays constant no matter the course to which the antecedent belongs. That is certainly represented from the pursuing the advice during the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the new-boy the guy-himself smack the boy strike themselves (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini the fresh-lady she-herself-find in-reflect Their sees herself on echo On these instances -zi- ‘s the reflexive morpheme additionally the measures out-of hit and watch are led back upon the particular grammatical victims, that is, guy and you can woman. It’s fascinating you to definitely during the generative training, a life threatening perception is done to your root structure away from sentences that contains reflexives, namely NP1 – V – NP1. On top, such as a houses are ungrammatical in the Bantu languages in case the a couple of NPs was co-referential and similar in form, elizabeth.grams. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho duped Sipho Into the Zulu including a sentence is generated grammatical from the installation of a good reflexive prefix about verb and you may new deletion of your own co-referential noun. age.grams. 346